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| 1851 |
| | | The first American branch of the Young Men's Christian Association is established in Boston | |
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| 1852 |
| | | France demands that Turkey should end Russia's exclusive control of the Christian Holy Places in the Ottoman empire | |
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| 1852 |
| | | Russia insists that her exclusive rights over the Holy Places are enshrined in the treaty of Kuchuk Kainarji | |
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| 1853 |
| | | Antoinette Brown becomes the first female to be ordained a minister in the USA, in the First Congregational Church in South Butler, NY | |
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| 1854 |
| | | Pope Pius IX issues a papal bull declaring that the Immaculate Conception of the Virgin Mary is to be an article of faith for Catholics | |
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| c. 1855 |
| | | The Christian Socialism of F.D. Maurice and others is mocked by its opponents as 'muscular Christianity' | |
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| 1857 |
| | | David Livingstone urges upon a Cambridge audience the high ideal of taking 'commerce and Christianity' into Africa | |
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| 1864 |
| | | Pope Pius IX includes socialism, civil marriage and secular education among eighty modern errors listed in his Syllabus | |
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| 1869 |
| | | British prime minister William Gladstone introduces a bill to disestablish the Anglican church in Ireland | |
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| 1870 |
| | | Pope Pius IX, rapidly losing temporal authority, declares a new dogma – that the pope, when speaking from the throne, is infallible on matters of faith or morals | |
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